We investigated the magnetism of vanadium monolayers on a Pd(001) surface. The electronic structure and the magnetic properties of the V/Pd(001) system were determined with the use of the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method within the general gradient approximation. Three magnetic configurations were studied: non-, ferro-, and antiferromagnetic. From the total energy calculations, we found that the V/Pd(001) system is the most stable in the antiferromagnetic configuration. The importance of relaxation on the magnetic properties of the systems was also studied. It was found that the Pd(001) surface covered with a V monolayer undergoes considerable relaxation in which the spacing between Pd layers increases in all three magnetic configurations. Contrary to the Pd interlayer spacing, the distance between the V overlayer and the topmost Pd layer is reduced. The interlayer spacing between the V overlayer and the Pd surface layer is the largest for the antiferromagnetic configuration. In the relaxed antiferromagnetic structure, the magnitude of the calculated magnetic moments on the V atoms was 1.31 μB. The presence of the vanadium monolayer does not affect the paramagnetic properties of the Pd(001) surface.

The electronic and magnetic properties of Cu-doped GaN with a Cu concentration of 6.25% and 12.5% are examined theoretically using the full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method. The magnetic moment of Cu atoms decreases with increasing Cu concentration. The spin-polarization of Cu atoms is reduced due to the Cu d-d interaction depending on the distance between the nearest neighbouring Cu atoms. Cu atoms exhibits a clustering tendency in GaN. For Cu-adsorbed GaN thin films with a surface coverage of 0.25, the ferromagnetic state is found to be the energetically favourable state with an induced magnetic moment of 0.54 μ_B per supercell.

In this study, we investigated the optical, magnetic, and electrical transport properties of Si_1-xMn_x (0.1 < x < 0.9) single crystals grown by the vertical Bridgman method. The alloys with a Mn concentration of up to 64% demonstrated weak ferromagnetic ordering around T_C = 30 K. The Si_0.25Mn_0.75 and Si_0.18Mn_0.82 alloys showed weak ferromagnetic ordering at 70 K and antiferromagnetic ordering at 104 K, as confirmed by magnetization, neutron diffraction, and transport studies.

We used ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study the phase transitions and molecular dynamics in a characteristic ferroelectric liquid crystal with a carbon number n = 7, S-2-methylbutyl 4-n-heptyloxybiphenyl- 4|-carboxylate (C7). The results were compared with those of our recent work on S-2-methylbutyl 4-n-octanoyloxybiphenyl- 4|-carboxylate (C8), with a carbon number n = 8. While the recrystallization and isotropic phase transitions exhibited a first-order nature in the ¹H NMR spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation measurements, a second-order nature was shown at the Sm-A - Sm-C * liquid crystalline phase transition. A soft-mode anomaly arising from the tilt angle amplitude fluctuation of the director, of which only a hint had been noticed in the C8 system, was manifested in the C7 system at this transition.

This paper describes the development of a novel transverse flux linear motor (TFLM) excited by permanent magnets (PMs). It combines the advantage of two different TFLMs and produces high thrust with reduced normal force. The magnetic field is analyzed by combining the three-dimensional (3D) equivalent magnetic circuit network (EMCN) method with 2D finite element analysis. The experimental findings of the prototype motors are in good agreements with the analysis results, and demonstrate the potential of the proposed motor as a direct drive requiring relatively long displacement of a mover.

A magnetic phase is partly produced in a steam generator tube due to stress and heat, because steam generator tubes are exposed to high temperature, high pressure and radioactivity conditions. This adversely affects the safety of steam generator tubes. However, it is difficult to detect it using conventional eddy current methods. Therefore, a new type of probe is needed to separate the signals from the defects and magnetic phases. In this study, a new U-type yoke, which contained two types of coils, a magnetizing coil and detecting coil, was designed. In addition, the signal induced by the magnetic phase and defect in an Inconel 600 plate were simulated.

This paper deals with optimum design criteria for maximum torque density & minimum torque ripple of a Flux Switching Motor (FSM) using response surface methodology (RSM) & finite element method (FEM). The focus of this paper is to find a design solution through the comparison of torque density and torque ripple which vary with rotor shape. And then, a central composite design (CCD) mixed resolution was introduced and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine the significance of the fitted regression model. The proposed procedure allows one to define the rotor dimensions, starting from an existing motor or a preliminary design.

A 3-D.O.F. spherical PM motor has 3 degrees of freedom in its motion by tilting and rotating of a shaft, which can be applied in a range of fields. The back-EMF is proportional to the field flux and angular velocity. The back-EMF constant in conventional rotating machine has a uniform value. However, in a spherical PM motor, the back-EMF constant of the coils varies according to the tilting conditions regardless of whether the angular speed is constant. Consideration of the back-EMF constant is useful for designing 3-D.O.F. spherical PM motors. In this study, the back-EMF constant of the spherical PM motor was considered carefully.

This paper deals with the efficiency evaluations in a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) versus a permanent magnet assisted SynRM (PMASynRM), using a coupled transient finite element method (FEM) and Preisach modeling, which is presented to analyze the characteristics under the effects of saturation and hysteresis loss. We herein focus on the efficiency evaluation relative to hysteresis loss and copper loss on the basis of load conditions in a SynRM and PMASynRM. Computer simulation and experimental results for the efficiency, using a dynamometer, show the propriety of the proposed method and the high performance of the PMASynRM.

The paper presents results of a study on the selective separation technology of ferrous and non-ferrous metals from broken light bulbs. The proposed method is to use magnetic fluids to obtain a magnetic fluid based- separation. [1] The study was conducted using three types of waste materials: regular light bulbs, auto light bulbs and neon tubes. In order to process the waste materials, a six stages technologic flow was developed: a) separation of light bulbs components; b) Physical and chemical analysis of raw materials; c) grain conditioning of the raw material; d) dry magnetic separation of ferrous components; e) magnetic fluid separation of non-magnetic material; f) recovery of the magnetic fluid adhered to the surface of the separated material grains. [2] This study shows that magnetic fluid separation is only profitable for regular and auto light bulbs and is not profitable in the case of neon tubes.