Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.205-209
Magnetic and Structural Properties of MnBi1-xTix Alloys
MnBi1-xTix (x = 0, 0.4, 0.7, 1) alloys were prepared by arc-melting, followed by heat treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to measure and investigate the phase structure and magnetic properties. The temperature dependent magnetization curves indicate that the phase transitions between LTP and HTP MnBi occur with heating or cooling in MnBi1-xTix (x ≤ 0.7) samples. However, MnTi samples are in Mn2Ti single-phase, with very low magnetic properties. Furthermore, the coercivity exhibits a positive temperature coefficient. The results show that the optimal content of Ti for the coercivity of MnBi1-xTix alloy is x = 0.4. For MnBi sample, the coercivity reaches a maximum value of 1.13 T at 550 K. However, the remanence and energy product show apparent decrease with the addition of Ti in MnBi1-xTix alloys.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.210-214
Effects of Mn Substitution on Crystallographic and Magnetic Properties of Li-Zn-Cu Ferrites
The effects of manganese substitution on the crystallographic and magnetic properties of Li-Zn-Cu ferrite, Li0.5Zn0.2Cu0.4MnxFe2.1-xO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8), were investigated. Ferrites were synthesized via a conventional ceramic method. We confirmed the formation of crystallized particles using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy. All of the samples showed a single phase with a spinel structure, and the lattice constants linearly decreased as the substituted manganese content increased, and the particle size of the samples also somewhat decreased as the doped manganese content increased. All the Mössbauer spectra can be fitted with two Zeeman sextets, which are the typical spinel ferrite spectra of Fe3+ with A- and B-sites, and one doublet. The cation distribution was determined from the variation of the Mössbauer parameters and of the absorption area ratio. The magnetic behavior of the samples showed that an increase in manganese content led to a decrease in the saturation magnetization, whereas the coercivity was nearly constant throughout. The maximum saturation magnetization was 73.35 emu/g at x = 0.0 in Li0.5Zn0.2Cu0.4MnxFe2.1-xO4.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.215-220
Dynamic Magneto-mechanical Behavior of Magnetization-graded Ferromagnetic Materials
This study investigates the dynamic magneto-mechanical behavior of magnetization-graded ferromagnetic materials Terfenol-D/FeCuNbSiB (MF). We measure the dynamic magneto-mechanical properties as a function of the DC bias magnetic field (
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.221-226
Magneto-transport Properties of La0.7Sr0.3Mn1+
Significantly enhanced low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR) and maximum
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.227-231
Growth of Textured CoFe2O4 Thin Films on Platinized Silicon Prepared by a Sol-Gel Method
We fabricated textured polycrystalline CoFe2O4 thin films on Pt(111)/TiO2/SiO2/Sisubstrate through a sol-gel method. We varied the thickness of the films, by using precursor solutions with different concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 M, and by depositing 5, 8, or 10 layers on the substrate by spin-coating. X-ray diffraction spectra indicated that when the precursor concentration of the solution was higher than 0.1 M, the spin-coated films were preferentially oriented in the 〈111〉 direction. Inspection of the surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy revealed that CoFe2O4 thin films prepared with 0.2 M solution and 5-time spin-coatings had smoother surface, as compared to the other conditions. Each coating had an average thickness of about 50 nm. The magnetic properties measured by vibrating sample magnetometer showed magnetic anisotropy, as evidenced from the difference in the in-plane and out-of-plane hysteresis loops, which we attributed to the textured orientation of the CoFe2O4 thin films.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.232-236
Anisotropy Coupling in Patterned Thin Films with Mixed Uniaxial Anisotropies
Anisotropy coupling in thin films with mixed induced and shape anisotropies is investigated. A 200-nm-thick Co-Fe-Pd-B thin film with a large induced anisotropy of 57 Oe is fabricated and then patterned into micronsized cells to provide shape anisotropy, whose strength has a similar magnitude to that of the induced anisotropy for enhancing the anisotropy coupling. The angles between the two mixed anisotropies considered are 0°, 90°, and 110°. Hysteresis loops measured under in-plane magnetic fields along various directions indicate no anisotropy coupling behaviour for all the three angles examined in this study.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.237-240
Low Writing Field on Perpendicular Nano-ferromagnetic
For heat-assisted magnetic recording, magnetization reversal probabilities of nano-Pt/MnSb multilayer film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy under thermal pulse activation were investigated numerically by solving the Landau-Lifshift Gilbert Equation. Magnetic parameters of nano-Pt/MnSb multilayer were used with anisotropy energy of 3 × 105 erg/cc and saturation magnetization of 2100 G, which offer more than 10
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.241-247
Effects of Magnetized Medium on
The objective of this study was to study the effect of magnetized water on porcine cumulus cell-oocyte complexes (COCs). Oocytes obtained from female pig were cultured in a medium magnetized at 0, 2000, 4000, and 6000 Gauss (G) for 5 minutes using the neodymium magnet. Subsequently, intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, glutathione (GSH) activity, oocyte membrane integrity, anti-apoptosis factor Bcl-xL expression, and nuclear maturation were analyzed. The intracellular H2O2 levels in COCs cultured for 44 hours were not significantly different among the variously magnetized samples. However, GSH activity were significantly higher in the magnetized samples compared to the 0 G sample. The Bcl-xL mRNA expression in COCs cultured for 44 hours was higher in the 4000 G sample than other treatment groups. Membrane damage in COCs cultured for 22 and 44 hours was significantly lower in 4000 G group than control group. On the other hand, nuclear stages as maturation indicator significantly increased in 2000, 4000, and 6000 G groups compared to 0 G group. These results indicate that incubation of porcine oocytes and cumulus cells in magnetized medium improves intracellular GSH levels, membrane integrity and nuclear maturation, and inhibits apoptosis
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.248-254
Influence of Iodinated Contrast Media and Paramagnetic Contrast Media on Changes in Uptake Counts of 99mTc
The purpose of this study is to figure out how uptake counts of technetium (99mTc) among radioisotopes in the human body are affected if computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and isotope examination are performed consecutively. 99mTc isotope material, iodinated contrast media for CT and paramagnetic contrast media for magnetic resonance (MR) were used as experimental materials. First, 99mTc was added to 4 cc normal saline in a test tube. Then, 2 cc of CT contrast media such as Iopamidol® and Dotarem® were diluted with 2 cc normal saline, and 2cc of MRI contrast media such as Primovist® and Gadovist® were diluted with 2 cc normal saline. Each distributed contrast media was a total of 4 cc and included 10m Ci of 99mTc. A gamma camera, a LEHR (Low energy high resolution) collimator and a pin-hole collimator were used for image acquisition. Image acquisition was repeated a total of 6 times and 120 frames were obtained and uptake counts of 99mTc were measured (from this procedure). In this study, as a result of measuring the uptake counts of 99mTc using the LEHR collimator, the uptake counts were less measured in all contrast media than normal saline as a reference. In particular, the lowest uptake counts were measured when Gadovist®, contrast media for MRI, was used. However, the result of measuring the uptake counts of 99mTc using the pin-hole collimator showed higher uptake counts in all contrast media, except for Iopamidol®, than normal saline as a reference. The highest uptake counts were measured particularly when Primovist®, contrast media for MRI, was used. In performing the gamma camera examination using contrast media and 99mTc, it is considered significant to check the changes in the uptake counts to improve various diagnosis values.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.255-260
Fuzzy Simulation of a Multi-electronic Acupuncture System and Clip-type Pulsimeter Equipped with a Magnetic Sensing Hall Device
A portable clip-type pulsimeter equipped with a magnetic sensing Hall device has been developed to raise the accuracy of oriental disease diagnosis and therapy by convergence of magnetism and oriental medicine. To improve accuracy and reliability of conventional pulsimeter due to subjective analysis of the pulse wave and measuring position dependency of the arterial pulse sensor, the fuzzy algorithm was applied to analyze the strong- and weak-pulse wave symptom. Optimal time for electronic acupuncture was calculated using fuzzy rules and interference were drawn from objective data in view of pre-treatment. Moreover, the electrical characteristics of the pain parts that respond to acupuncture point were applied in view of post-treatment to propose the scientific pulse wave algorithm and simulation experiment.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.261-265
Comparison Analysis of Donor Liver Volumes Estimated with 3D Magnetic Resonance and 3D Computed Tomography Image Data
Three-dimensional computed tomography is an effective tool to estimate the liver volume of living donors for the live liver transplantation. When additional operation is required, magnetic resonance imaging is conducted to determine the safety of the donor. This study compared the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in estimating 3D liver volume of 23 male and 7 female donors who underwent both magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography tests before the transplantation. The analysis was conducted to see whether the liver’s estimated total volumes and the left lobe volumes obtained from 3Dmagnetic resonance imaging and 3D-computed tomography were identical. Volumes of the right lobe estimated with 3D-magnetic resonance imaging and 3D-computed tomography were compared with the actual volume of the right lobe harvested in the operating room because the volume of the right lobe is an important determinant in the safety of the donor. The total volume of the liver estimated from 3D-magnetic resonance imaging and 3D-computed tomography differed (1238.1904 units and 1402.364 units respectively). The left lobe volume of the liver estimated with 3D-magnetic resonance imaging and 3D-computed tomography also differed (450.530 units and 554.490 units, respectively). The right lobe volume of the liver estimated with 3D-magnetic resonance imaging and 3D-computed tomography were 787.660 units and 847.545 units, respectively, while the actual average right lobe volume of the harvested liver was 678.636 units. 3D-computed tomography has been widely used to estimate the right lobe volume of the donors’ liver. However, 3D-magnetic resonance imaging was also very effective in estimating the volume of the liver. Thus, 3D-magnetic resonance imaging is also expected to become an important tool in determining the safety of the donors before transplantation.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.266-272
Optimal Design of Inverse Electromagnetic Problems with Uncertain Design Parameters Assisted by Reliability and Design Sensitivity Analysis
In this paper, we suggest reliability as a metric to evaluate the robustness of a design for the optimal design of electromagnetic devices, with respect to constraints under the uncertainties in design variables. For fast numerical efficiency, we applied the sensitivity-assisted Monte Carlo simulation (S-MCS) method to perform reliability calculation. Furthermore, we incorporated the S-MCS with single-objective and multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithms to achieve reliability-based optimal designs, undertaking probabilistic constraint and multi-objective optimization approaches, respectively. We validated the performance of the developed optimization algorithms through application to the optimal design of a superconducting magnetic energy storage system.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.273-281
Design and Performance Analysis of Coreless Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Generator for Small Wind Turbines
This paper presents an innovative design for a low-speed, direct-drive, axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) generator with a coreless stator and rotor that is intended for application to small wind turbine power generation systems. The performance of the generator is evaluated and optimized by means of comprehensive 3D electromagnetic finite element analysis. The main focus of this study is to improve the power output and efficiency of wind power generation by investigating the electromagnetic and structural features of a coreless AFPM generator. The design is validated by comparing the performance achieved with a prototype. The results of our comparison demonstrate that the proposed generator has a number of advantages such as a simpler structure, higher efficiency over a wide range of operating speeds, higher energy yield, lighter weight and better power utilization than conventional machines. It would be possible to manufacture low-cost, axial-flux permanent-magnet generators by further developing the proposed design.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.282-290
Development of a Switched Reluctance Motor-based Electric AC Compressor Drive for HEV/EV Applications
This paper discusses the development of a 3.5 kW switched reluctance motor (SRM)-based electric air-conditioning (AC) compressor, focusing primarily on the design aspects of the SRM and the integrated controller. In addition to the increased price of rare-earth magnets, SRM’s operation capability at high speed and high temperature makes the SRM a viable alternative to the permanent magnet motor for electrically driven automotive air conditioning compressors. A compact and energy efficient scroll compressor is designed and constructed. Two feasible SRM topologies are considered, in terms of efficiency, torque ripple, and acoustic noise. Compact drive electronics are designed and employed to drive the SRM-based compressor. The static and dynamic performance is validated by simulation and experiment.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.291-294
Characteristics of Shield Materials for Wireless Power Transfer
In this paper, we examine the electrical and magnetic properties of three different types of shield materials used for wireless power transfer systems: namely, FeSiAl-composite, NiZn-ferrite, and FeSi-amorphous types. The power transfer efficiency and resistance of an RX coil are measured, while varying the shield thickness. For all three types, a thicker shield provides better power transfer efficiency. Analysis of the measurements shows that the FeSiAl-composite type is suitable for systems with size limitation. In terms of magnetic properties, the FeSiamorphous type shows the best features, and is suited to high power applications. This work can be used as a guideline to select suitable shielding material in various wireless power transfer systems.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.295-299
A Study on Core Structure of High Frequency Transformer to Improve Efficiency of Module-Integrated Converter
Recently, module-integrated converter (MIC) research has shown interest in small-scale photovoltaic (PV) generation. The converter is capable of efficient power generation. In this system, the high frequency transformer should be made compact, and demonstrate high efficiency characteristics. This paper presents a core structure optimization procedure to improve the efficiency of a high frequency transformer of compact size. The converter circuit is considered in the finite element analysis (FEA) model, in order to obtain an accurate FEA result. The results are verified by the testing of prototypes.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.300-308
Design of a Moving-magnet Electromagnetic Actuator for Fast Steering Mirror through Finite Element Simulation Method
This paper develops a moving-magnet electromagnetic actuator for fast steering mirror (FSM). The actuator achieves a reasonable compromise between voice coil actuator and piezoelectric actuator. The stroke of the actuator is between the strokes of a piezoelectric actuator and a voice coil actuator, and its force output is a linear function of air gap and excitation current within our FSM travel range. Additionally, the actuator is more reliable than voice coil actuator as the electrical connection in the actuator is static. Analytically modeling the actuator is difficult and time-consuming. Alternatively, numerous finite element simulations are carried out for the actuator analysis and design. According to the design results, a real prototype of the actuator is fabricated. An experimental test system is then built. Using the test system, the force output of the fabricated actuator is evaluated. The test results validate the actuator analysis and design.
Journal of Magnetics, 30 Sep 2014, Vol.19 , No.3, pp.309-313
Analysis of Mechanical Fixation Made of Aluminum Alloy in an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine
This paper presents an eddy current loss analysis of a Mechanical Fixation (MF) made of 6061 aluminum alloy, which is used for an NS type double-rotor single-stator axial flux permanent magnet machine. The prototype MF made of aluminum alloy shows good mechanical performance, but poor electro-magnetic performance, since the machine’'s efficiency can decrease because of eddy current loss in the MF. In order to prevent efficiency decrease, a modification of the MF structure is also introduced. Three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is used for magnetic field analysis, and eddy current losses are computed. The analysis results are compared to, and verified by the test results.