The public's growing awareness of the negative impacts of high-volume temperature fluctuations has led to a marked rise in the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). In existing techniques, the SAR value is high and more expensive. To overcome this issue, an Amended Planar Inverted F-antenna (PIFA) with Ferrite Sheet Attachment for SAR Reduction in Human Head has been introduced to reduce SAR value. The antenna receives power from the grounded end and Simulated Magnetic Rods (SMR) are utilized in the antenna to lower SAR values. The PIFA and SMR face major difficulties due to their low reliability and bandwidth. Hence, Radiating Blotch is implemented within the antenna to increase bandwidth and dependability. The SAR reduction is increased and various parameters are produced when the header model is simulated using ANSYS HFSS. Overall, the performance with and without a ferrite sheet comparing the analysis for SAR reduction with various parameters.

Epitaxial (001) NiCo₂O₄ films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy were grown on (001) MgAl₂O₄ at various oxygen pressures of 10-200 mTorr using pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction suggested that the lattice constant, crystallinity, and deposition rate displayed distinctive changes around 50 mTorr. The temperature-dependent resistance displayed an insulating behavior in the films grown below 15 mTorr but a metallic one in the films grown above 20 mTorr. Magneto-optical Kerr effect measurement suggested that the NiCo₂O₄ films grown above 15 mTorr are ferrimagnetic at room temperature and possess a distinctive perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The ferrimagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition temperature reached a maximum of ~385 K at 50 mTorr. During the magnetic reversal, the density of small nucleated domains increased with increasing oxygen pressure from 20 to 200 mTorr, and exhibited metallic ferrimagnetism at room temperature. Consequently, the optimal growth condition for magnetic device applications of NiCo₂O₄ films is believed to be 50-200 mTorr at 320 ℃.

Currently, most of the inspection robots for high-voltage transmission lines, both at home and abroad, utilize a multi-cantilever rigid structure. However, the inefficiency and poor safety of these robots when it comes to crossing obstacles make them impractical. To address this issue, a magnetically actuated soft inspection robot has been developed. This robot uses the amperage force applied to the current-carrying coil in a HVDC toroidal magnetic field to efficiently and flexibly cross multiple obstacles in an inchworm-like motion. The focus of this paper is on the design and theoretical calculation of the magnetically actuated model, specifically the magnetic linear traction force and magnetic adsorption force (diastolic force), required to enable the soft robot to crawl. Through simulation and kinematic analysis, the results show that the magnetically actuated soft robot design proposed in this paper is theoretically feasible, providing a foundation for future developments in magnetically actuated soft robots.

Magnetorheological valves are important components in hydraulic systems that provide precise position control. At present, the low-pressure drop performance of magnetorheological valves is the main problem limiting their application. To improve the pressure drop performance of magnetorheological valves, a hybrid magnetic source disc magnetorheological valve is proposed. The magnetic pressure drop model and viscous pressure drop model of the hybrid magnet source disc type magnetorheological valve based on the Bingham model are Derived. Magnetic field distributions in the damping channel of the hybrid magnet source disc type magnetorheological valve are obtained by using ANSYS finite element analysis software. The mathematical model of the relationship between pressure drop and magnetic induction intensity was established using Matlab software, and the effects of parameters such as effective current, axial damping gap, radial damping gap, and coil width on the pressure drop performance of disc-type magnetorheological valves with hybrid magnetic sources were numerically analyzed. The results show that the pressure drop of the disc magnetorheological valve with a hybrid magnetic source can reach 10.9935 MPa at the current I=3A, axial damping gap ga=1 mm, and radial damping gap gr=1.5 mm. Compared with the conventional disc magnetorheological valve, the pressure drop performance of the hybrid magnetic source disc magnetorheological valve is improved by 28 %, which provides ideas on how to improve the pressure drop performance of the magnetorheological valve.

This manuscript delves into the impact of shaft eccentricity and diameter on the pressure resistance and magnetic force of a magnetic fluid seal (MFS), through both magnetic circuit analysis method (MCAM) and finite element method (FEM). The study proposes a systematic approach to enhance the performance of eccentric MFS based on MCAM. The results show a near-linear decrease in the pressure resistance of the MFS with increasing eccentricity, with a maximum decline of 65 %. However, the MFS model with a 100 mm shaft diameter renders more precise results in predicting the sealing performance for larger shaft diameters since the pressure resistance decrease remains below 5 % as shaft diameter is increased. The optimal range of pole tooth structure parameters has also been determined. Remarkably, the proposed method affords a precise analysis of the performance of large-diameter eccentric MFS, which is not feasible using two-dimensional axisymmetric magnetic field models.

Hexagonal M-type strontium ferrite (SrFe₁₂O₁₉) has been fabricated through a simple self-combustion tartrate precursor approach to producing a homogenous powder with a homogeneous shape and limited size distribution at low-processing temperatures. The impacts of the Sr²⁺:Fe³⁺ molar ratio and the annealing temperature on formation, morphological structure, crystallite size, and magnetic performance were studied. The powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The development of crystalline single-phase Sr-hexagonal ferrite occurred at ≥ 1100 ℃ and Sr²⁺:Fe³⁺ molar ratios 1.1:12-1.3:12. Existence of α-Fe₂O₃ and impurities in the hexagonal powders increases the lattice parameters while higher annealing temperature decreases it. The c/a ratios of as-prepared samples (~3.911-3.920) are comfortably within the range of ratios for M-type structures. The platelet-like structure has appeared at an annealing temperature ≥ 1000 ℃. The wide saturation magnetization (37.26-66.19 emu/g) and coercivity (275.09-2107.8Oe) were accomplished at diverse synthesis conditions and reached the greatest values at 1350 ℃. The squareness ratios (Mr/Ms) for all studied samples are <0.5, which is for multimagnetic domains.

A symmetric stepped magnetic fluid seal (SSMFS) structure with three magnetic sources is designed with the goal of improving the leakage problem under the large clearance rotary seal condition. The magnetic field distribution in the sealing clearance is analyzed using the finite element method when the radial and axial clearances are both 0.4 mm. The pressure capacity is calculated, and the effects of the height of permanent magnets, the length of the pole teeth, and the number of pole teeth are compared with those of diverging stepped magnetic fluid seal (DSMFS) and converging stepped magnetic fluid seal (CSMFS) with three magnetic sources. The numerical outcomes demonstrate that the SSMFS with three magnetic sources has a greater pressure capacity than the other two seal structures. The effects of magnetic fluid injection volumes, radial and axial clearances, various rotational speeds, and holding times are then investigated in tests to determine the pressure capacity of the SSMFS with three magnetic sources. The results are compared to those of the other two structures. The experimental date indicate that the SSMFS with three magnetic sources has a magnetic fluid injection saturation of around 7 ml. The advantages of the SSMFS structure become more clear with the modification of the radial clearance and axial clearance. With an increase in rotation speed and holding time, the pressure capacity of SSMFS with three magnetic sources has no obvious change, but it is obviously higher than that of the other two structures.

In magnetorheological devices, the magnetorheological fluids are inevitably in a zero-field state when the MR device is out of work. Long-term placement will lead to the sedimentation of MR fluids, reducing the performance of the magnetorheological device. A novel magnetorheological fluid was prepared by mixing microparticles and nanoparticles to solve this problem. After one-week placement, the sedimentation rate of the novel magnetorheological fluid is only 0.23 %, decreased by 88.5 % compared with general magnetorheological fluid. The novel magnetorheological fluid shows excellent sedimentation stability, keeping magnetorheological devices in good condition.

The solidification process of an alloy has a significant influence on its microstructure and properties. In this article, the effect of cooling rate on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the FeCoNi(CuAl)_0.8 high entropy alloys (HEAs) was investigated. Results showed that all the samples prepared at different cooling rates exhibited a duplex-phase structure of face-centered cubic (FCC) plus body-centered cubic (BCC). But the volume fraction of BCC and stacking density of the alloy increased with the increasing of cooling rate, leading to an increase in saturated magnetization. Furthermore, microstructure investigation showed that with the increasing of cooling rate, the grain size of the samples decreased, lattice distortion and residual stress increased, and more nanoprecipitates were embedded in the interdendritic phases of the sample, which may be responsible for the increase in coercivity of the alloy.

Enhancing heat transfer is of utmost importance in modern industrial applications. Pure liquids for illustration ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and water having lower conductivity are commonly used as cooling liquids in distinct applications. This approach helps conserve and optimize the enhancement of heat transportation. However, in order to achieve enhanced thermal efficiency, state-of-the-art liquids known as nanoliquids have been recommended. Thus the Buongiorno two-component nanoliquid model, which exhibits superior thermal efficiency compared to the aforementioned standard cooling liquids is being considered for formulating and analyzing the behavior of Casson nanoliquid configured by cylindrical convected surface. The problem formulation incorporates various factors such as Darcy-Forchheimer porosity, thermophoresis, magnetohydrodynamics, Brownian diffusion, suction/injection and Joule heating. Boundary-layer stretching flow is formulated. Dimensionless differential form from governing nonlinear problems is achieved by employing relevant variables. The application of the homotopy procedure results in convergent solutions for strongly nonlinear systems. The graphs are used to reveal the plots of significant factors in the analysis.

This study provides data for the development of oral contrast media for abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations for potential use in clinical practice. The signal intensities, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were quantified using various contrast media with longitudinal (T1) and transverse relaxation (T2) pulse sequences. Prediction accuracy error comparisons were conducted according to the mean-squared, mean-absolute, and root-mean-squared errors of the contrast media intensities using the Orange data mining software. The signal strength and SNR were higher in canola oil and pineapple juice (T1-weighted images), while the intensities of blueberry juice and apple juice were high in the T2-weighted images; SNR was high in blueberry and cranberry juice, and CNR was high in Solotop^® and blueberry syrup. The accuracy of the deep-learning prediction errors of MR signal intensities was high. In conclusion, data from ex vivo MRI research can be used for the development of oral contrast media.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rTMS on neuropathic pain and walking ability in patients with iSCI. 10 subjects were assigned to each of the experimental group (10 Hz rTMS) and the control group (5 Hz rTMS group). The rTMS intervention was administered 5 times a week for 20 minutes each time for 6 weeks. All measurements were performed before rTMS intervention and 6 weeks after rTMS intervention. In this study, VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and SF-MPQ (Short Form - McGill Pain Questionnaire) were applied to evaluate the pain of patients with spinal cord injuries. Gait endurance was evaluated by the 6-minute walking test (6MWT), and walking speed was evaluated by the 10-m walking test (10MWT). In the comparison between each group, the experimental group showed significant differences in the post-intervention SF-MPQ, 6-minute walking test, and 10-meter walking test (p < 0.05), and the control group showed a significant difference in the 10-minute walking test (p < 0.05). In the comparison between the two groups, there was no significant difference in all variables after intervention (p > 0.05). High-frequency rTMS can help reduce neuropathic pain in clinical practice and improve walking ability in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.

In order to remove the aliasing artifact that occurs during magnetic resonance imaging, a shield was fabricated using aluminum, which is inexpensive and easily available in the vicinity, among materials that are not affected by magnetic fields, and its usefulness was evaluated. In the experiment using Phantom, it was confirmed that perfect shielding was achieved and no aliasing artifacts appeared. In addition, it was confirmed that the aliasing artifact was removed in the quantitative signal strength evaluation, and it was confirmed that the aliasing artifact was removed and the scan time was not increased in the ghost signal percentage evaluation, confirming the usefulness as a shielding body.

This study proposes a solution to improve the analysis time of the Axial Flux Synchronous Reluctance Motor (AF-SynRM) using the Finite Element Method (FEM) using the Finite Element Method (FEM). While accurate results can be achieved through 2D and 3D FEM analyses in the design of electrical machines, the analysis time becomes a significant consideration. The non-axisymmetric structure of the flux path in axial flux motors poses challenges for accurate results in 2D FEM analyses. To overcome this issue, the study uses simulation studies to convert axial flux motors into 2D linear models. In this study, a slice model approach is implemented in the linear structure, and the influence of the number of slices on various motor parameters, such as torque, torque ripple, back-EMF, loss, and efficiency, is analyzed and compared with 3D FEM analyses. Experimental loss and efficiency results are also included in these analyses. This study is the first to simulate an AF-SynRM in the 2D linear model. The accuracy of the results is verified experimentally.