Transverse-type magnetoresistances such as spin Hall magnetoresistance and orbital Hall magnetoresistance are phenomena where the resistance of a bilayer consisting of a ferromagnet (FM) and a non-magnetic metal (NM) changes due to the absorption and reflection of a spin current at the interface. However, accurately evaluating the transverse MRs through angular dependence experiments becomes non-reliable when the magnetization of the system is not fully saturated, often leading to underestimation. Here, we proposed a fitting method that utilizes the standard expression for the total energy of the magnetic system to extract the MR value more accurately. By applying this method to determine the MR amplitude in the Cr/Fe bilayer system, we demonstrate that the extracted MR values in non-saturated cases are in good agreement with that obtained when the magnetization is fully saturated. Our method could be applicable to obtain precise MR values for other systems with similar properties, which is also useful for their further investigations.

Thin magnetic films displaying perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, with an out-of-plane easy axis, often show the presence of stripe domains that can break into cylindrical domains, producing in the end the formation of bubbles or skyrmions. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is considered to provide spin texture stabilization in topological materials. This paper reports a theoretical study of the stability of cylindrical domains and the interaction of cylindrical domains with each other and with the magnetic host material. In particular, the case of cylindrical domains of circular cross section has been deepened and a method for experimental determination of the saturation magnetization in a thin ferromagnetic film has been proposed.

We investigated room-temperature exchange bias phenomenon and training effect in SiO₂/Ru(40 nm)/Co(t nm)/IrMn₃(5 nm)/Ta(5 nm) with varying Co layer thicknesses t = 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, and 20 nm. Consecutive hysteresis loop measurements by longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr effect (L-MOKE) revealed the presence of both athermal and thermal training effects in the Co/IrMn₃ ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayers. The athermal training effect is more prominent as the Co layer thickness increased. We also observed that the training effect constant γ increased with increasing Co layer thickness, suggesting that thicker samples were closer to equilibrium, as interpreted by Binek’s relaxation model. This study not only advances our understanding of the exchange bias phenomenon and training effect in the Co/IrMn₃ system but also may offer their potential for use in neuromorphic devices.

Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is a well-known material extensively utilized in magnonics, spintronics, and spin caloritronics. The development of YIG for practical applications has been the subject of considerable research. In this study, we present the fabrication of YIG films through the thermalization of chemically synthesized YIG using a microwave kiln. The YIG solution was prepared from yttrium and iron precursors in a stoichiometric ratio and subsequently coated onto silicon (Si) substrates. After annealing the coated YIG film with a specific microwave exposure duration, a crystallized YIG film was obtained, confirmed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) analysis. The static magnetic properties were characterized using a vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), revealing comparable parameters, such as coercivity (H_C) = 33.9 ± 0.5 Oe and saturation magnetization (M_S) = 135.9 ± 1.1 emu/cm³ to those of YIG films annealed using conventional methods, including graphited-based and halogen lamp-based furnaces. Additionally, by using Pt as a spin detection layer, the spin thermoelectric efficiency was investigated via spin Seebeck effect measurements, indicating that YIG films annealed in a microwave kiln exhibit potential as a fabrication technique for YIG applications in spin caloritronics.

Dynamic parameters directly reflect the dynamic performance of electrical machines. In this paper, two methods for calculating the d-axis super-transient reactance of a damped winding permanent magnet electrical machine (DWPMEM) are proposed. One is the analytical method: the analytical model of d-axis super-transient reactance is developed, and the d-axis super-transient reactance is calculated by taking the coupling of permanent magnet (PM) and winding current magnetic field into account. The other is the parameter identification method: the parameter identification model of DWPMEM is established, and the reactance is identified based on the DC step voltage method. The calculation accuracy of the two methods is verified by the measured data, and the variation rules of the d-axis super-transient reactance with damping winding structures are analyzed. The work of this paper has a certain reference value for the design and dynamic operation evaluation of DWPMEM.

In order to meet the demand of high-power density, high-precision positioning and low cost direct drive system in ropeless lifting, precision machining and other fields, the modular secondary structure with permanent magnet synchronous magnetization is adopted in this paper, and the secondary permanent magnet flux-switching linear machine (SPMFSLM) is proposed. Compared with the traditional primary permanent magnet flux-switching linear machine (PPMFSLM), it reduces the thrust ripple and strengthens the primary structure. According to the topology and operation principle of the machine, starting from the air-gap magnetic field modulation principle and the convex tooth effect, the contribution of the air-gap flux density harmonics of the permanent magnet magnetic field and the armature magnetic field for the two machines to the average thrust is compared and analyzed, reflecting the similarities and differences between the two FSLMs in the thrust generation mechanism. In addition, the no-load characteristics for back-EMF and the thrust characteristics for two machines under equal load are calculated and compared. Finally, the multi-objective optimization of the key structural parameters of the machine is carried out by combining the response surface method (RSM) with the NSGAII algorithm. Then, the 3D simulation of the machine was carried out and cross-validated with the 2D results. Finally, a double-sided SPMFSLM (DS-SPMFSLM) is proposed from the practical point of view. The performance of DS-SPMFSLM is significantly superior to that of single-sided SPMFSLM, which verifies the advantages of the secondary permanent magnet structure scheme.

Due to the absence of magnetic teeth on the stator to restrict the magnetic field, the windings of the slotless motor are directly exposed to the air gap magnetic field. Consequently, this exposure results in a more irregular distribution of current in the windings and a notable increase in AC loss. Therefore, it is the key point in the design of slotless permanent magnet motor (SPMM) to study the characteristics of AC copper loss in detail and the effective suppression method. According to the structural characteristics of SPMM, this paper proposes to reduce the gap between wires (WDG) to reduce the AC copper loss. And the corresponding winding production method - winding extrusion potting (WEP) for toroidal windings is also introduced. In addition, the measurement method of WDG is demonstrated through experiments, and the accurate value of WDG before and after using this suppression method are obtained. The research results indicate a 46 % reduction in AC copper loss attributed to circulating current. Ultimately, the experimental outcomes of the prototype align well with the theoretical analysis and computational findings.

In this study, amorphous powders of Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B composition were synthesized through gas and water atomization techniques utilizing industrial-grade raw materials. Subsequently, these powders underwent a sieving process to achieve a particle size classification under 53 μm, with an average particle size (D50) of 26 μm. The prepared powder underwent a series of heat treatments at temperatures of 450 ℃, 475 ℃, 500 ℃, 525 ℃, and 550 ℃ to investigate changes in its crystallographic structure, utilizing X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Simultaneously, magnetic properties were assessed through Mössbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The observed phase transformation progressed from amorphous to crystalline as the heat treatment temperature increased. An entirely amorphous phase was maintained up to 500 ℃, beyond which a mixed amorphous and crystalline phase emerged at higher temperatures. Mössbauer analysis revealed that, at 525 ℃, approximately 39 % of the material remained in an amorphous state, while 61 % had transitioned into a crystalline phase. Further, at 550 ℃, the amorphous fraction decreased to approximately 31 %, while the crystalline fraction increased to 69 %. The crystalline phase was identified as consisting of α-Fe, α-FeSi, Fe₂Si, Fe₃Si at A-sites, Fe₃Si at B-sites, and Fe₂B sites in the case of the 550℃ heat treatment. With increasing heat treatment temperature, the saturation magnetization exhibited an initial increase, followed by a decline from 550 ℃ onward. This decline coincided with the decomposition of the material into multiple crystalline phases. Moreover, the Curie temperature was determined to be T_C1=845 K and T_C2=955 K, indicating two distinct magnetic transition temperatures in the studied material.

The mask size of the median modified Wiener filter (MMWF) algorithm was optimized for application to digital mammographic phantom images obtained under different tube currents to obtain an optimal image by removing noise with a minimal dose of radiation. A simulation was conducted using the Female Adult Mesh (FASH) phantom to optimize the mask size of the MMWF algorithm. The optimal mask size was determined by measuring various evaluation factors and applying different mask sizes to the noisy image of the various evaluation phantom. An American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom image was obtained per milliamperes using digital mammography equipment to evaluate the MMWF algorithm with the optimal mask size. Based on the noise level and similarity evaluation factors, the optimal mask size for the MMWF algorithm was 7 × 7. The results of the experiment indicated that improvements in the noise level evaluation factors were most noticeable for the MMWF, followed by the median, Gaussian, and Wiener filters. Overall, we confirmed that the optimal mask size for the MMWF algorithm was 7 × 7 for application to digital mammographic images, and its effectiveness was proven through a comparative evaluation with conventional filters.

External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) remains a mainstay in cancer treatment. Accurate patient positioning and beam alignment are essential for optimal therapeutic outcomes. However, ensuring the correct patient positioning can be challenging during radiation treatment sessions. This study focuses on the development and validation of a kV X-ray based rectilinear geometry digital tomosynthesis (DTS) system tailored for the LINAC system within EBRT. Additionally, we emphasize the enhancement of the DTS image reconstruction speed via GPU-based CUDA programming and its potential implications for real-time patient alignment and monitoring. Through modeling the rectilinear geometry DTS system, we obtained the projection images crucial for reconstruction. The acquired images were reconstructed using various algorithms. The impact of GPU-based CUDA programming on speeding up the reconstruction process was also examined. As a result, acceleration factors of up to 30 % times were achieved compared to a single thread CPU implementation. This study underscores the potential of GPU-Accelerated image reconstruction using the distance-driven method in DTS with rectilinear geometry for the LINAC System. By applying this technique to the EBRT system, it is feasible to position patients using reconstructed tomographic images in real-time using kV tomography images, even in the absence of an On-board imaging (OBI).

In order to measure the position of the scintillation pixel of the positron emission tomography (PET) detector module, it is necessary to obtain a flood image through a radiation source and then perform a segmentation process of each scintillation pixel area in the flood image. Without performing this process, a method of reading the scintillation pixel position using simulation data was developed. It was difficult to directly apply the data obtained through simulation to the experimental data since simulation data and experimental data cannot be directly matched. In this study, the Anger data of four channels obtained from the detector module composed of simulation were calculated at the ratio according to the channel and applied to the experimental data. Through simulation, a look-up table (LUT) for each scintillation pixel was prepared, and the position of the scintillation pixel where the gamma ray event occurred was measured using the experimental data and the maximum likelihood position estimation (MLPE). The measurement result showed an accuracy of 94.4 %. If these study results are introduced into the PET detector module, the position of the scintillation pixel can be read quickly and conveniently without changing the existing system.

The quality of gamma camera images is determined by the characteristics of the image collimator. The size and length of the collimator’s holes, as well as the thickness of its septa, directly impact sensitivity and spatial resolution. These factors have conflicting optimization relationships with each other, and sensitivity and spatial resolution variations manifest differently based on combinations of different variables such as larger or smaller diameter holes, shorter or longer holes, thinner or thicker septa, and so on. Accordingly, appropriate collimator design plays a crucial role in optimizing the quality of gamma camera images. In this study, referencing the structure of an ELEGP collimator, we design a collimator that optimizes sensitivity and spatial resolution. To achieve this, collimators with various hole sizes, lengths, and septa thicknesses were designed, and simulations were conducted. Through this process, the most suitable conditions for optimizing the image quality of the gamma camera system were obtained. Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) simulations were performed for collimator optimization. Among 820 simulation results, the best image quality was achieved with a hole diameter of 2.6 mm, length of 28 mm, and septa thickness of 0.4 mm. If the collimator designed in this study is used, it is expected to provide superior images compared to those obtained with existing gamma camera systems.

The use of CT scans, which possess optimal advantages for diagnosing diseases in the human body, has been increasing annually, serving as a source of increasing patient radiation doses. This study sought to provide foundational data useful for designing radiation shielding walls in CT examination rooms by measuring and analyzing radiation doses for the derivation of use factors in MDCT and Mobile CT examination rooms. The average cumulative radiation dose measured over three months using a glass dosimeter immediately before penetrating the patient viewing window in the MDCT examination room was 100.9 ± 2.93 mSv; with 107.7 ± 5.03 mSv in the ceiling direction, 105.6 ± 4.13 mSv in the wall direction, and 114.2 ± 3.78 mSv in the floor direction. In the Mobile CT examination room, the values were 0.35 ± 0.03 mSv; with 0.51 ± 0.02 mSv in the ceiling direction, 0.52 ± 0.02 mSv in the wall direction, and 0.55 ± 0.03 in the floor direction. Evaluations of image quality from different CT devices showed very satisfactory results in contrast, clarity of boundaries, and lesion detection rates. In terms of image satisfaction against exposure dose, Mobile CT showed more satisfactory results than MDCT. The results of this study are expected to provide information for a more secure and efficient system in medical radiation safety management.

This study sought to examine tooth surface changes and remineralization after treatment with 38 % waterbased silver fluoride (AgF) solution and potassium iodide (KI), which are known to have teeth-remineralization effects. Tooth samples were prepared by exposing enamel and dentin. Riva Star Aqua (SDI, Bayswater, Australia), consist of AgF and KI ,was applied to tooth surfaces, after treatment, stored in artificial saliva for 7 or 14 days. Using scanning electron microscopy, changes in tooth surface shape and remineralization were assessed. Our analysis revealed that upon treatment with AgF for 7 or 14 days, the dentin surface appeared very smooth, indicating remineralization. Analysis of the levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and argentum (Ag) using electromagnetic radiation spectroscopy revealed changes in the levels of Ca and P in the enamel and that after 14 days, there were significant changes in the levels of Ag in dentin. These findings indicate that the agent applied using AgF and KI led to teeth remineralization, highlighting them as effective remineralization materials.

When planning treatment using Radiation Treatment Planning system (RTPs), errors in the contouring process, which is the pre-planning stage, reduce the accuracy of the treatment. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate the error rate of RTPs, Window Width (WW), Window Level (WL), Hounsfield Unit (HU) values at the set point, and the error rate by organ, which are the causes of errors in the contouring process. The results showed that the error rate of WW, WL and HU of certain areas decreased over time. There were no significant changes in the other variables. Therefore, when performing auto-contouring for each organ, appropriate WW, WL and HU values should be set and additional manual contouring should be performed to ensure the accuracy of the treatment plan.

During diagnostic radiography examinations, due to problems such as patient falls, the door between the examination room and the control room is often opened for quick action. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of curtain-type shielding for worker radiation protection. Shielding efficiency, weight, cost, and user opinions were analyzed for leaded, leaded rubber, lead-free shielding sheet, and chainmail. The results showed that the shielding efficiency was 97.7 % for the steel door, 97.5 % for the lead sheet, 97.0 % for the lead rubber, 96.0 % for the lead-free sheet, and 91.3 % for the chain mail, and the weight was 7,399 g for the lead sheet, 8,482 g for the lead rubber, 1,148 g for the lead-free sheet, and 8,127 g for the chain mail. The cost was $46.9 for the lead sheet, $126 for the lead rubber, $270.5 for the lead-free sheet, and $147.8 for the chain mail. Based on this, it is believed that shielding curtains can be used to provide both worker and patient safety by considering the conditions of diagnostic radiography rooms in each medical institution.

This simulation study aims to differentiate between contrast media and calcification in blood vessel using the effective atomic number (EAN) extraction method in electromagnetic X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging. Calibration was performed on six tissue-equivalent materials, three contrast medium, and one calcium solution. The Hounsfield unit (HU) values at 80 kV and 140 kV with electromagnetic spectrum using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) facilitated this calibration. EAN from the polynomial method was then compared with that from the Stoichiometric method. In 120 kV vascular imaging, when the HU of calcium and iodine contrast media were alike, EAN provided a more pronounced contrast than HU. The iodine contrast agent’s enhancement in EAN was approximately 30.0 %, and in HU, it was 13.0 % relative to calcium. This indicates EAN’s potential to better differentiate contrast media from calcification in clinical contexts.

Shielding design of radiation areas requires comprehensive consideration of the environment. However, the current situation is that the thickness of shielding materials is conservatively designed to reduce risk factors, and thickness standards are basically calculated using a formula to estimate the shielding before design. This research proposes a hybrid method for optimal shielding thickness that combines simulation and actual data. Dose conversion factor (DCF) calculated in 1.5 mm lead situation, compared with MCNP and Actual dosimeters (PED, CD-Gam-1), and the lead shielding design of the five types from 0.25 mm lead to 1.25 mm lead was simulated with a 0.25 mm lead interval, and evaluation areas was divided into radiation workers (< 20 mSv/yr) and patients (< 1 mSv/yr) in detail. When applying PED-DCF and CD-Gam-1-DCF, the result was a lead thickness reduction of up to 1.25 mm lead. Therefore, we propose a radiation protection facility inspection method designed in hybrid.

Fluoride compounds are major substances that inhibit the growth of oral bacteria, increase the hardness of the tooth surface, and promote recalcification. However, caution must be exercised regarding fluoride exposure, as it may cause side effects to the human body due to its toxicity if swallowed. Accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate the residual amount of fluoride remaining in saliva after using mouthwashes containing high and low fluoride concentrations. After rinsing with five commercially available high-fluoride mouthwashes according to the manufacturer’s instructions, the fluoride concentration remaining in saliva was quantitatively evaluated over time through Fluorine (¹⁹F) NMR (magnetic field: 9.4 Tesla) immediately, 1 minute, and 2 minutes later. When gargling with DH 2000 ppm fluoride, the residual salivary fluoride content was 30.3960% immediately after gargling, 0.0041% after 1 minute, and 0.0020% (0.0401 ppm) after 2 minutes; when gargling with EB 1000 ppm, it was 16.5001 % immediately after gargling, 10.6269 % after 1 minute, and 0.0034% after 2 minutes; and when gargling with BS 1000 ppm, it was 17.1169 % immediately after gargling, 13.2337% after 1 minute, and 0.0019% (0.0188 ppm) after 2 minutes. When gargling with LIS 220 ppm, the residual salivary fluoride content was 56.3716 % immediately after gargling, 0.0842% after 1 minute, and 0.0180% (0.0396 ppm) after 2 minutes; and when gargling with R 90 ppm, it was 0.0302% immediately after gargling, 0.0151 % after 1 minute, and 0.0077% (0.0069 ppm) after 2 minutes. Even when mouthwashes containing various fluoride concentrations were used, only the fluoride content of existing normal saliva remained after 2 minutes, confirming that swallowing the saliva is safe and does not affect the human body.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of individual finger exercise under the residual effect after low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) on cerebral motor-evoked potential amplitude (MEP amplitude) and cerebral MEP latency (MEP latency) in patients with stroke. This study conducted an intervention program in two groups of patients with chronic stroke (experimental group, individual finger exercise including residual effect after LF-rTMS group; IFE-rTMS group, individual finger exercise; IFE group, each comprising 10 patients). The program, which was conducted five times a week for 1 week, evaluated the MEP amplitude and MEP latency before and after the experiment. In an inter-group test of MEP amplitude and latency, all groups demonstrated an increase between the pre- and post-test evaluations. In an inter-group examination of MEP amplitude and latency, a significant difference was observed between the IFE-rTMS and IFE groups.

Non-invasive technologies have significantly influenced the advancement of electromagnetics- and optics-based diagnostic methodologies in clinical settings. While the Romberg test is a pivotal preliminary screening tool for motor ataxia, its intrinsic subjectivity and constrained diagnostic sensitivity, owing to its reliance on visual appraisal by clinicians, critically limit its efficacy. To surmount these limitations, this study instituted a webcam-based quantitative diagnostic approach to capture and analyze human motion. Precise analytical procedures using artificial intelligence were devised to examine skeletal joint-position variance, culminating in a comparison of individuals exhibiting normal and control signs. Rigorous statistical scrutiny via Mann–Whitney U testing substantiated statistically significant divergences between the two cohorts (p<0.001), thereby validating this technological advancement’s potential in capturing nuanced movements traditionally challenging to qualitatively assess. This endeavor fortifies the Romberg test’s diagnostic capabilities and extrapolates the significance of non-invasive technologies, albeit without direct implications on treatment, in enhancing clinical diagnostic protocols.

Sensory integration-based clinical observation refers to the process of integrating various sensory inputs to make observations. This integration is critical for children, as damage to the motor coordination system can lead to developmental coordination disorder, potentially causing delays in tasks like writing or language development. Clinical observations of this nature are qualitative, relying on therapists’ visual confirmation and subject to their subjective judgments. To overcome the limitations of qualitative assessments, this study conducted a quantitative analysis. It involved capturing subjects’ hands using a webcam and extracting joint coordinates from the resulting human model. The analysis aimed to generate quantitative metrics, such as the number of hand flips, angles, success rates, and the correlation coefficient between both hands. The results revealed that, in analyzing the RFR (Reaching, Flipping, and Returning) task of 21 subjects with normal hand function, the subjects averaged 14.6 (2.73) flips in a 15-second task, with success rates of approximately 95.5 % (6.43) for the left hand and 93.5 % (8.13) for the right hand. Therefore, the study confirmed the potential of integrating quantitative assessment methods to complement qualitative evaluation methods.

A new gamma camera was designed to reduce edge effect that can occur in conventional gamma cameras and increase the useful field of view (UFOV). In order to reduce edge effect and increase UFOV, a new gamma camera was designed to collect light incident on the side of the scintillator by plaing an additional photosensor used in the conventional gamma camera to prevent the occurrence of edge effect. DETECT2000 was used to evaluate the useful field of view of the desinged gamma camera and the conventional gamma camera. As a result, the UFOV of the new gamma camera was improved by about 95.8 % compared to the UFOV of the conventional gamma camera. If the results of this study are used when designing a gamma camera, it is considered that edge effects can be prevented and an expanded UFOV can be achieved.

In an MRI scan, the larger the patient's body, the farther away the test target area is from the center. Therefore, this study aims to measure the changes in image quality according to distance from the center of the MRI machine’s bore and provide a reference distance that does not cause image degradation during actual examinations. The data from a total of nine points at 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm away from the center of the MRI bore in both directions were obtained and compared with the measurement data of the isocenter. As for the experimental equipment, the 3.0 Tesla MRI device and the 16-channel GEM Flex Suite (small) were used to acquire the TI and T2 images of the old Phantom. Furthermore, the Image J program analyzed the mean difference between SNR and CNR. As a result of the statistical analysis, The one-way batch ANOVA and Duncan’s posthoc test results showed no statistically significant difference between the measurements from the center at 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm positions (p < 0.001). However, at the 20 cm position, the standard deviation of the noise increased by more than 10 %, for the values of SNR and CNR to decrease rapidly.

In this study, a solid dispersion containing mulberry leaves and additives was manufactured by hot-melt extrusion (HME) to develop a radioprotective agent against electromagnetic radiation. The prepared formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS). The formation of regular dispersions was confirmed through SEM and TEM analysis. To explore the radioprotective effect, animals were randomly classified into four groups: normal control (NC), irradiation (IR), irradiation after administration with mulberry leaves (MR), and irradiation after administration with HME-mulberry leaves (HR). Each sample was orally administered at 100 mg/kg/day, and 7 Gy of 6 MV electromagnetic radiation (X-ray) was used once for the whole body. Lymphocytes seemed to recover in the HR group, but none of the groups recovered at a normal range by the seventh day after irradiation. There was also no change in all groups of the red blood cells. The spleen index tended to recover in the HR group compared to the IR group, which was consistent with histological analysis. The spleen of the radiation-exposed groups (IR, MR, and HR) showed relatively atrophied white pulp and decreased lymphocytes. These symptoms further increased on the third day after irradiation and gradually alleviated on the seventh day. Compared to the IR group, the MR and HR groups had less loss of lymphocytes caused by damage to the white pulp. Specifically, the HR group demonstrated a higher recovery rate than the MR group, confirming the potential of HME-Mulberry as a radioprotective agent. The study’s findings suggest further studies on health supplements and medicines to supplement the current research.

This study aimed to characterize the cerebral cortical activity of chronic stroke patients according to differences in frequency of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). 20 chronic stroke patients were treated with 5 Hz high-frequency rTMS group (HFG) applied to the cerebral cortex on the damaged side and 1 Hz low-frequency rTMS group (LFG) applied to the cerebral cortex on the non-damaged side. The activity of the cerebral cortex was examined using electroencephalography (EEG) to changes in alpha waves (α-wave) and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) wave. As a result, in two groups, HFG showed a significant difference in F3 and P4 for α-wave and in F3 and F4 for SMR wave (p<0.05) (p<0.05). In LFG, there was no significant difference in α-wave, but SMR wave showed a significant difference in F4 (p>0.05) (p<0.05). And in the comparison between two groups, α-wave showed a significant difference in F3 (p<0.05). SMR wave showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Through this, it is judged that 5 Hz high-frequency rTMS has a positive effect on cerebral cortical activity in chronic stroke patients compared to 1 Hz low-frequency rTMS.

This study demonstrated that upper limb robotic therapy (ULRT) combined with 1 Hz low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) improved upper limb (UL) function and activities of daily living (ADLs) in stroke patients. 16 stroke patients were treated with 1 Hz LF-rTMS on non-affected cerebral hemisphere, 8 in ULRT group, and 8 in the UL combined with traditional occupational therapy (ULTOT) group. Assessment include fugl-meyer assessment (FMA), modified ashworth scale (MAS), and modified barthel index (MBI). As a result, ULRT group showed significant differences in FMA, MAS, and MBI (p<0.05), and ULTOT group showed significant differences in FMA and MBI in two groups (p<0.05). There were significant differences in FMA, MAS, and MBI between two groups (p<0.05) (p<0.001). Through this, ULTOT group and ULRT group with 1 Hz LF-rTMS helped UL function and ADLs. In particular, ULRT with 1 Hz LF-rTMS helped improve UL function and ADLs.

Long periods of stress and depression can cause heart disease, brain disease, and high blood pressure. However, regardless of the advancements in modern medicine, stroke patients face difficulties without special medicines or treatments. A computer simulation is conducted to predict stroke risk factors using a magneto-plethysmogram equipped with a magnetic sensing Hall device to analyze radial artery pulses. We use logistic regression analysis to determine the vacuous pulse from the clinical data of 60 patients with deficiency syndrome and perform a computer simulation to determine stroke and early stage diseases using a TensorFlow-based open source. Additionally, computer simulations using brachycardia diagnostic cluster analysis and fuzzy inference, which are used in oriental medicine, are conducted to improve the prediction rate of stroke by more than 10%.

Abstract: Breast cancer is a significant global health concern, stressing the urgent need for early detection. Early diagnosis improves access to varied treatments and significantly enhances patient outcomes. This study explores breast cancer detection over two days, aiming to create a precise and efficient machine learning model. The research uses a diverse dataset, combining clinical, genetic, and imaging data, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray, and electromagnetic data. Rigorous data preprocessing, including variable normalization and feature identification, enhances dataset quality. Predictive models use statistical techniques like logistic regression, decision trees, and random forest. Key metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, and area under the curve (AUC), assess model efficacy. Results reveal high accuracy and AUC scores, indicating potential for precise breast cancer detection. The study enhances our understanding of breast cancer dynamics, showcasing the effectiveness of machine learning for accurate and efficient early diagnosis. The research underscores diverse datasets and careful statistical modeling as crucial for predictive breast cancer capabilities.