Recently, Fe-rich ThMn₁₂ compounds have shown potential as next generation permanent magnet materials. Ce element is low cost than Sm element. Therefore, The crystallographic and magnetic properties of (Sm_{1 − x}Ce_x)(Fe_0.8Co_0.2)₁₁Ti (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) have been investigated by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The phase identity and volume fraction of all samples were determined by using Rietveld refinement. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant and magnetic anisotropy energy were calculated by using the law of approach to saturation and the change of magnetic anisotropy energy by the lattice field ratio was analyzed. Also, the Curie temperature (T_C) was obtained from the temperature-dependent magnetization curves.

The magnetoresistance (MR) curves of giant magnetoresistive-spin valve (GMR-SV) multilayer on Corning glass and sapphire/high-temperature superconductor (HTS) YBa₂Cu₃O_7−x (YBCO) film fabricated by magnetron sputtering were compared and analyzed. Hybrid type HTS and GMR-SV multilayer film with antiferromagnetic NiO thickness of 10 nm has a negative MR ratio of −7.7 %, an exchange coupling field (H_ex) of 120 Oe, a coercive force (H_c) of 125 Oe, respectively. However, there is exist a positive MR ratio of +7.3 % in case of NiO thickness of 60 nm. The glass/NiO/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/Ta multilayer showed linear current-voltage (I-V) curve, but the Al₂O₃/YBCO/NiO(10 nm, 60 nm)/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/Ta multilayer showed a nonlinear I-V curve in which the resistance value of 1.15 Ω and 59.4 Ω decreased to 1.02 Ω and 50.2 Ω when the current of 15.7 mA increased to 1.67 mA, respectively. This results are explained by the current transfer effect in the 4-probe electrode measurement method occurred when the resistance of the YBCO film is 0.

GMR-SV (giant magnetoresistance-spin valve) multilayer films were fabricated on rf- and dc-magnetron sputtering systems in four different forms, in which NiO thin films were inserted into the bottom, top and middle layers. The magnetic properties of all thin film samples were investigated from the major and minor magnetoresistance curves measured at room temperature and at 77 K. The exchange coupling field (H_ex) and coercivity (H_c) of the pinned NiFe layer, the H_c and interlayer coupling field (H_int), magnetoresistance ratio (MR (%)), and magnetic sensitivity (MS) of the free NiFe layer in the single-type GMR-SV multilayer with the inserted NiO layer thickness of 10 nm were 110 Oe, 115 Oe, 4.5 Oe, 6.0 Oe, 7.1%, and 1.0%/Oe, respectively. The hysteresis curves of the two free layers with the NiO thin film inserted into the middle layer formed a stable squareness ratio, which was 9.5% for the MRs of 3.5% and 6.0%, and 2.2%/Oe for the MS due to the specular and spin dependent scattering effects. On the other hand, the H_c and MS of the single structure of the bottom NiO film inserted and the dual-type GMR-SV multilayer of the bottom and top layers were greatly increased and decreased, respectively. The MRs of the GMR-SV multilayers with the magnetization of spin array configuration of the pinned layer, which is a ferromagnetic material, and the free layer are antiparallel to each other. The MR of dual-type GMR-SV multilayer showed the maximum value when the spin arrays of magnetization configuration of the pinned and free layers, is antiparallel to each other.

In this study, we introduce PID control-based 1-axis magnetic levitation system. Our goal is to develop a low cost educational system. We use SMPS instead of variable DC power supply. If the DC resistance of the coil does not change, the current or voltage cannot be adjusted when SMPS is used. In this study, the current of the driving coil is controlled by using the pulse width modulation (PWM). PWM control is a method that can control the current flowing in the coil even if voltage and resistance are fixed. The problem of using the Hall sensor for position detection and a method for solving it are suggested. In order to verify the proposed method, various simulations and experiments were conducted. The distance between the magnet and the coil to be floated is within 3 cm and it is driven by 7A maximum.

This paper deals with the comparative investigation on electrical machines which are an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) and a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) by considering pole and slot combination under identical size conditions. Each of 6 pole machine employs 9 slot and 18 slot stator cores with concentrated winding and distributed winding, and those machines are designed to have identical induced voltage and output torque conditions for their reasonable comparison. Based on the electromagnetic field characteristic analysis results by finite element method (FEM), their torque, power loss and efficiency are addressed. Besides, while their efficiency maps are derived by output power and power losses, the best model with highest efficiency was determined, and the volume of their used materials are comparatively addressed for the application of 30 (kW) machine in milling systems.

It is known that the capillary blood vessels play an important role in diagnosing blood circulation and cardiovascular disease in human body, This study aims to investigate how blood flow and morphological changes of capillary vessels are affected by pulse magnetic field (PMF) stimulus, and to identify the role of the magnetic field in prediction and treatment of diseases related to blood circulation disorders. For in vivo experiment, the changes in nailfold capillary morphology and capillary blood flow velocity were measured after applying PMF to the palm of the left hand for 5 min. For in vitro experiment, the change of the blood flow velocity in the PDMS (Polydimethysiloxane) microchannel was measured for the various PMF intensity. The change in capillaroscopic features after PMF stimulus approached normal range in both their length and width, and the blood flow velocity also increased by 78.4% from 725 μm/s to 1294 μm/s. In addition, the blood flow velocity in the microchannel was also improved even if PMF intensity decreases from 2700 Oe to 250 Oe. Optimal conditions for improving the morphology and blood flow in the capillary vessel could be set to PMF intensity of 250 Oe and stimulus time of 5 minutes. Therefore, steady PMF stimulus can be proposed as a non-invasive treatment for the prevention of microvascular related diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction and diabetes as well as the blood circulation disorder of the human body.